I've been shooting for far longer that I've been hunting, so my approach is a little different. I've spent a few thousand dollars on training from some truly first-rate instructors - and learned a ton by doing so. Tjis has given me the change to see first-hand what a well-thought out rifle and scope system can deliver in the hands of a competent rifleman....and also learn first hand how badly a mechanical failure or lack of applying shooting fundamentals can turn out.
With all that said, the longest shot I've ever taken on a game animal was 85 yards - because there was no need to take a longer shot.
Dialing a turret in the field is definitely one approach, but I've learned the heard way that most turret elevation mechanisms fail to offer precision, repeatability, or reliability unless you're looking at a higher end piece of glass that is designed to have you spinning dials regularly. BDC reticles are another option - but you need to understand what each point means with respect to your rifle and your load - and then verify it at the range, on paper, at the actual distances you will be hunting at.
Also understand that what works perfectly at 400 yards in you rifle when you zero it at 13 feet above sea level in Houston does not transfer smoothly to a 400 yard shot taken in the high desert in Arizona. This is not a huge issue at most ethical hunting distances, but you can make your life easier by verifying your holdovers in weather and elevation conditions similar to what you will be hunting in.
There is some great advice in this thread, and some not so great advice. The one piece of advice that I think is the most important is this - don't ever shoot at a game animal at a given distance unless you have invested a fair amount of time and effort in practicing with that rifle and scope combination at that same distance. Likewise - once the range exceeds 200 yards, you should have invested significant time into understanding how to compensate for the effect of the wind on your bullet, as well as the potential effect of shooting at a target which is at a different elevation than you.
If investing that time and practice is not something that is practical for you due to financial and time constraints - that doesn't reflect poorly on you. It simply means that "MPBR" or Maximum Point Blank Range is the smart way to hunt. Determine what the diameter of the vital area on your quarry is, and know the range at which your bullet will stay inside that diameter, with your point of aim at the center.
As an example, my .308 has a 200 yard zero, and a 225 yard MPBR. At the muzzle, the bullet is 1.5" below my line of sight. At 100 yards, it's 2" above my line of sight. At 200 yards, it's crossing my line of sight. At 225 yards, it's 2" below my line of sight. That means that if I have a circle 4" across and I put my crosshairs in the center of it when I break the shot, the bullet will always stay somewhere inside that circle if the animal is within 225 yards of me. A 4" circle is honestly rather small compared to the vitals of a muley or elk - but I was using that rifle to hunt feral hogs at fairly close ranges in thick cover, so I was generally looking to break the shoulder and get into the boiler room - not a huge area where you get both on the tasty hogs in to 100-150 pound range.